The Future Tense
“Eureka!” That was the cry of the New York Times executive editor A. M. Rosenthal in early 1979, when he hit upon an idea for a new column to run in the front of the magazine. Rosenthal tapped William Safire, then a Pulitzer Prize-winning political columnist for The Times, to create a column exploring the vagaries of the English language. As Safire later recalled, Rosenthal figured the series “could be sustained for a year, maybe.”
It has been 32 years since Rosenthal’s Eureka moment, and On Language is finally coming to a close, at least in its current incarnation. For more than 30 of those years, it was the domain of the Language Maven (as Safire jauntily called himself), until his passing in September 2009. I’ve had the privilege of carrying on that legacy for the past year, but now it is time to bid adieu, after some 1,500 dispatches from the frontiers of language.
What does the future hold for our language? The great British language scholar David Crystal once warned me, “Never predict the future with language.” But it’s in our human nature to at least try. Lately I’ve been thinking about the language world that my 4-year-old son, Blake, will grow up into. Will English wax or wane in its global influence during his lifetime? Will the country’s demographic shifts demand a greater acceptance of multilingualism, and will there be a freer commingling of different speech varieties through what sociolinguists call “code-switching” and “code-mixing”? It may be an affront to those who uphold the sanctity of English as the national language, but heterogeneity looks as if it will increasingly be the name of the game.
One thing is clear, as I watch Blake make a Dr. Seuss book come alive on the family iPad with a casual swipe of the finger: Language will become more technologically mediated. The ever-expanding power and flexibility of our personal gadgets, combined with the computing prowess of servers we connect to in “the cloud,” makes it a dead certainty that tech will rule the language of even the most reluctant neo-Luddite.
Every aspect of our linguistic life is open to technologization of one form or another, from the way that kids of Blake’s generation will learn to acquire literacy with the help of app-laden multitouch devices to our growing expectations that computer interfaces should be able to recognize our speech and text, understand it and talk back to us.
When it comes to the field of natural-language processing (N.L.P. for short), we’re entering a new age of technoidealism, after a few fallow decades when the early promises of artificial intelligence fell far short of the mark. Weren’t we supposed to have computers that could converse with us in fluent English by the dawn of the 21st century, like HAL 9000 in Stanley Kubrick’s film of “2001: A Space Odyssey”? (Never mind that HAL ended up going on a human-killing spree before being lobotomized.)
The 2011 “face” of new strides in N.L.P. is Watson, the supercomputer built by I.B.M. specifically for the publicity stunt of facing off against humans on the game show “Jeopardy!” earlier this month. Watson still lives in the shadow of HAL, and not just because “I-B-M” is one letter-shift away from “H-A-L.” Even the synthesized voice is Kubrick Lite: the tech blogger Chris Matyszczyk complained that Watson’s avatar on the “Jeopardy!” set sounded like “HAL’s diffident nephew.”
Watson’s trouncing of the “Jeopardy!” champs Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings doesn’t mean that language processing has advanced to the point of language comprehension. The best-guess techniques Watson used never approached any deep understanding of the semantic content in the “Jeopardy!” clues. Instead, Watson crunched terabytes of data to figure out statistically likely responses to clues based in part on which words appear most often with other words in the texts it has stored.
Then again, who needs HAL-like comprehension when throwing mounds of data at a problem is sufficient for the task at hand? Watson’s question-answering technology finds parallels in other data-driven N.L.P. projects currently making headway, like computer-aided translation — still generally known by the quaint name “machine translation,” or M.T., a vestige of the early ’50s. Instead of trying to figure out a rule-based mapping of one language to another, as in earlier attempts at M.T., online translation services like Google Translate now take a more probabilistic route. Google looks at millions of texts that have already been translated by humans (like United Nations documents), so that it can then create good statistical matches between words and phrases in different languages. It’s not all that different from how meteorologists make “forecast models” based on huge amounts of old weather data.
Google has also proved the value of “the more language data, the better” by building a monumental collection of texts, known as a corpus, from the 18 million books it has scanned and digitized from major research libraries. In December, Google released a public tool called the Ngram Viewer, which allows anyone to plumb the history of language patterns in the corpus, and Harvard researchers working with Google have dubbed their new field of data-heavy analysis “culturomics” (taking the “-omics” from “genomics” and applying it to the study of language and culture).
From the vantage point of Mark Liberman, a linguist at the University of Pennsylvania, the 2010s are shaping up to be like the 1610s. “The vast and growing archives of digital text and speech, along with new analysis techniques and inexpensive computation, are a modern equivalent of the 17th-century invention of the telescope and microscope,” Liberman argues.
It’s a heady time for language. Here’s to all the Eureka moments to come
Monday, February 28, 2011
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Anagrams Part 4
Methods of constructionSometimes it is possible to "see" anagrams in words, unaided by tools, though the more letters involved the more difficult this becomes. Anagram dictionaries could also be used. Computer programs, known as "anagram servers", "anagram solvers" or "anagrammers", offer a much faster route to creating anagrams, and a large number of these programs are available on the Internet. The program or server carries out an exhaustive search of a database of words, to produce a list containing every possible combination of words or phrases from the input word or phrase. Some programs (such as Lexpert) restrict to one-word answers. Many anagram servers can control the search results, by excluding or including certain words, limiting the number or length of words in each anagram, or limiting the number of results.
Anagram solvers are often banned from online anagram games. The disadvantage of computer anagram solvers, especially when applied to multi-word anagrams, is their poor understanding of the meaning of the words they are manipulating. They usually cannot filter out meaningful or appropriate anagrams from large numbers of nonsensical word combinations. Some servers attempt to improve on this using statistical techniques that try to combine only words that appear together often. This approach provides only limited success since it fails to recognize ironic and humorous combinations.
Some anagrammatists indicate the method they used. Anagrams constructed without aid of a computer are noted as having been done "manually" or "by hand"; those made by utilizing a computer may be noted "by machine" or "by computer", or may indicate the name of the computer program (using Anagram Genius).
There are also a few "natural" instances: English words unconsciously created by switching letters around. The French chaise longue ("long chair") became the American "chaise lounge" by metathesis (transposition of letters and/or sounds). It has also been speculated that the English "curd" comes from the Latin crudus ("raw").
Antigrams
An antigram is the term given to an anagram whose rearranged word has an opposing meaning.
E.g.
Adultery = True Lady
A Saint = I, Satan
Santa = Satan
Forty five = Over Fifty
Funeral = Real Fun
Inferno = Non Fire
Restful = Fluster
Violence = Nice Love
Within earshot = I won't hear this
Anagram solvers are often banned from online anagram games. The disadvantage of computer anagram solvers, especially when applied to multi-word anagrams, is their poor understanding of the meaning of the words they are manipulating. They usually cannot filter out meaningful or appropriate anagrams from large numbers of nonsensical word combinations. Some servers attempt to improve on this using statistical techniques that try to combine only words that appear together often. This approach provides only limited success since it fails to recognize ironic and humorous combinations.
Some anagrammatists indicate the method they used. Anagrams constructed without aid of a computer are noted as having been done "manually" or "by hand"; those made by utilizing a computer may be noted "by machine" or "by computer", or may indicate the name of the computer program (using Anagram Genius).
There are also a few "natural" instances: English words unconsciously created by switching letters around. The French chaise longue ("long chair") became the American "chaise lounge" by metathesis (transposition of letters and/or sounds). It has also been speculated that the English "curd" comes from the Latin crudus ("raw").
Antigrams
An antigram is the term given to an anagram whose rearranged word has an opposing meaning.
E.g.
Adultery = True Lady
A Saint = I, Satan
Santa = Satan
Forty five = Over Fifty
Funeral = Real Fun
Inferno = Non Fire
Restful = Fluster
Violence = Nice Love
Within earshot = I won't hear this
Anagrams Part 3
ApplicationsWhile anagramming is certainly a recreation first, there are ways in which anagrams are put to use, and these can be more serious, or at least not quite frivolous and formless. For example, psychologists use anagram-oriented tests, often called "anagram solution tasks", to assess the implicit memory of young adults and adults alike.[23]
[edit] Establishment of priorityNatural philosophers (astronomers and others) of the 17th century transposed their discoveries into Latin anagrams, to establish their priority. In this way they laid claim to new discoveries, before their results were ready for publication.
Galileo used smaismrmilmepoetaleumibunenugttauiras for Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi ("I have observed the most distant planet to have a triple form") for discovering the rings of Saturn in 1610. Galileo announced his discovery that Venus had phases like the Moon in the form "Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur -oy" (Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me -oy), that is, when rearranged, "Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum" (Latin: The Mother of Loves [= Venus] imitates the figures of Cynthia [= the moon]).
When Robert Hooke discovered Hooke's law in 1660, he first published it in anagram form, ceiiinosssttuv, for ut tensio, sic vis (Latin: as the tension, so the force).
In a related use, from 1975, British naturalist Sir Peter Scott coined the scientific term "Nessiteras rhombopteryx" (Greek for "The monster (or wonder) of Ness with the diamond shaped fin") for the apocryphal Loch Ness Monster. Shortly afterwards, several London newspapers pointed out that "Nessiteras rhombopteryx" anagrams into "Monster hoax by Sir Peter S". However, Robert Rines, who previously made two underwater photographs allegedly showing the monster, countered with the fact that they can also be arranged into "Yes, both pix are monsters, R."
There is at least one incident of an anagrammatical naming in science: the genus Cramauchenia is a deliberately created anagram of the related genus Macrauchenia.
Pseudonyms
Anagrams are connected to pseudonyms, by the fact that they may conceal or reveal, or operate somewhere in between like a mask that can establish identity. For example, Jim Morrison used an anagram of his name in the Doors song L.A. Woman, calling himself "Mr. Mojo Risin' ". The use of anagrams and fabricated personal names may be to circumvent restrictions on the use of real names, as happened in the 18th century when Edward Cave wanted to get around restrictions imposed on the reporting of the House of Commons. In a genre such as farce or parody, anagrams as names may be used for pointed and satiric effect.
Pseudonyms adopted by authors are sometimes transposed forms of their names; thus "Calvinus" becomes "Alcuinus" (here V = U) or "François Rabelais" = "Alcofribas Nasier". The name "Voltaire" of François Marie Arouet fits this pattern, and is allowed to be an anagram of "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" (U = V, J = I) that is, "Arouet the younger". Other examples: "Arrigo Boito" = "Tobia Gorrio"; "Edward Gorey" = "Ogdred Weary", = "Regera Dowdy" or = "E. G. Deadworry" (and others); "Vladimir Nabokov" = "Vivian Darkbloom", = "Vivian Bloodmark", = "Blavdak Vinomori" or = "Dorian Vivalcomb"; "Bryan Waller Proctor" = "Barry Cornwall, poet"; "Bernardo Soares" = "Fernando Pessoa, poet"; "(Sanche) de Gramont" = "Ted Morgan"; "Dave Barry"="Ray Adverb"; "Declan Gunn" = Glen Duncan; Dan Abnormal = Damon Albarn; and so on. Several of these are "imperfect anagrams", letters having been left out in some cases for the sake of easy pronunciation.
Titles
Anagrams used for titles afford scope for some types of wit. Examples:
Shakespeare's Hamlet is an anagram for the Danish Prince Amleth.
Homer Hickam, Jr.'s book Rocket Boys was adapted into the 1999 film October Sky.
The tapes for the revival of BBC show Doctor Who were labeled with the anagram Torchwood, which later went on to be used as the name for a spin-off show.
The New Wave band Missing Persons' best-selling album was called Spring Session M.
Hip-hop artist MF DOOM recorded a 2004 album called MM..FOOD.
Brian Eno's album Before and After Science includes a song entitled "King's Lead Hat", an anagram of "Talking Heads", a band Eno has worked with.
Juan Maria Solare's piano ballad "Jura ser anomalía" (literally "he/she swears to be an anomaly") is an anagram of the composer's full name.
Bill Evans's overdubbed piano elegy for fellow jazz pianist Sonny Clark is titled "N.Y.C.'s No Lark," and another composition, "Re: Person I Knew" is a tribute to his producer, Orrin Keepnews.
Imogen Heap's album iMegaphone has a title that is an anagram of the singer's name.
Rock singer Axl Rose's stage name is an anagram of "oral sex."
Aphex Twin's 1995 album ...I Care Because You Do and EP Hangable Auto Bulb are littered with anagrammatical titles.
[edit] Games and puzzlesAnagrams are in themselves a recreational activity, but they also make up part of many other games, puzzles and game shows. The Jumble is a puzzle found in many newspapers in the United States requiring the unscrambling of letters to find the solution. Cryptic crossword puzzles frequently use anagrammatic clues, usually indicating that they are anagrams by the inclusion of a descriptive term like "confused" or "in disarray". An example would be Businessman burst into tears (9 letters). The solution, stationer, is an anagram of into tears, the letters of which have burst out of their original arrangement to form the name of a type of businessman.
Numerous other games and contests involve some element of anagram formation as a basic skill. Some examples:
In a version of Scrabble called Clabbers, the name itself being an anagram of Scrabble, tiles may be placed in any order on the board as long as they anagram to a valid word.
On the British game show Countdown, contestants are given 30 seconds to make the longest word from nine random letters.
In Boggle, players make constrained words from a grid of sixteen random letters, by joining adjacent cubes.
On the British game show BrainTeaser, contestants are shown a word broken into randomly arranged segments and must announce the whole word. At the end of the game there is a "Pyramid" which starts with a three-letter word. A letter appears in the line below to which the player must add the existing letters to find a solution. The pattern continues until the player reaches the final eight-letter anagram. The player wins the game by solving all the anagrams within the allotted time.
In Bananagrams, players place tiles from a pool into crossword-style word arrangements in a race to see who can finish the pool of tiles first.
Ciphers
Multiple anagramming is a technique used to solve some kinds of cryptograms, such as a permutation cipher, a transposition cipher, and the Jefferson disk.
[edit] Establishment of priorityNatural philosophers (astronomers and others) of the 17th century transposed their discoveries into Latin anagrams, to establish their priority. In this way they laid claim to new discoveries, before their results were ready for publication.
Galileo used smaismrmilmepoetaleumibunenugttauiras for Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi ("I have observed the most distant planet to have a triple form") for discovering the rings of Saturn in 1610. Galileo announced his discovery that Venus had phases like the Moon in the form "Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur -oy" (Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me -oy), that is, when rearranged, "Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum" (Latin: The Mother of Loves [= Venus] imitates the figures of Cynthia [= the moon]).
When Robert Hooke discovered Hooke's law in 1660, he first published it in anagram form, ceiiinosssttuv, for ut tensio, sic vis (Latin: as the tension, so the force).
In a related use, from 1975, British naturalist Sir Peter Scott coined the scientific term "Nessiteras rhombopteryx" (Greek for "The monster (or wonder) of Ness with the diamond shaped fin") for the apocryphal Loch Ness Monster. Shortly afterwards, several London newspapers pointed out that "Nessiteras rhombopteryx" anagrams into "Monster hoax by Sir Peter S". However, Robert Rines, who previously made two underwater photographs allegedly showing the monster, countered with the fact that they can also be arranged into "Yes, both pix are monsters, R."
There is at least one incident of an anagrammatical naming in science: the genus Cramauchenia is a deliberately created anagram of the related genus Macrauchenia.
Pseudonyms
Anagrams are connected to pseudonyms, by the fact that they may conceal or reveal, or operate somewhere in between like a mask that can establish identity. For example, Jim Morrison used an anagram of his name in the Doors song L.A. Woman, calling himself "Mr. Mojo Risin' ". The use of anagrams and fabricated personal names may be to circumvent restrictions on the use of real names, as happened in the 18th century when Edward Cave wanted to get around restrictions imposed on the reporting of the House of Commons. In a genre such as farce or parody, anagrams as names may be used for pointed and satiric effect.
Pseudonyms adopted by authors are sometimes transposed forms of their names; thus "Calvinus" becomes "Alcuinus" (here V = U) or "François Rabelais" = "Alcofribas Nasier". The name "Voltaire" of François Marie Arouet fits this pattern, and is allowed to be an anagram of "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" (U = V, J = I) that is, "Arouet the younger". Other examples: "Arrigo Boito" = "Tobia Gorrio"; "Edward Gorey" = "Ogdred Weary", = "Regera Dowdy" or = "E. G. Deadworry" (and others); "Vladimir Nabokov" = "Vivian Darkbloom", = "Vivian Bloodmark", = "Blavdak Vinomori" or = "Dorian Vivalcomb"; "Bryan Waller Proctor" = "Barry Cornwall, poet"; "Bernardo Soares" = "Fernando Pessoa, poet"; "(Sanche) de Gramont" = "Ted Morgan"; "Dave Barry"="Ray Adverb"; "Declan Gunn" = Glen Duncan; Dan Abnormal = Damon Albarn; and so on. Several of these are "imperfect anagrams", letters having been left out in some cases for the sake of easy pronunciation.
Titles
Anagrams used for titles afford scope for some types of wit. Examples:
Shakespeare's Hamlet is an anagram for the Danish Prince Amleth.
Homer Hickam, Jr.'s book Rocket Boys was adapted into the 1999 film October Sky.
The tapes for the revival of BBC show Doctor Who were labeled with the anagram Torchwood, which later went on to be used as the name for a spin-off show.
The New Wave band Missing Persons' best-selling album was called Spring Session M.
Hip-hop artist MF DOOM recorded a 2004 album called MM..FOOD.
Brian Eno's album Before and After Science includes a song entitled "King's Lead Hat", an anagram of "Talking Heads", a band Eno has worked with.
Juan Maria Solare's piano ballad "Jura ser anomalía" (literally "he/she swears to be an anomaly") is an anagram of the composer's full name.
Bill Evans's overdubbed piano elegy for fellow jazz pianist Sonny Clark is titled "N.Y.C.'s No Lark," and another composition, "Re: Person I Knew" is a tribute to his producer, Orrin Keepnews.
Imogen Heap's album iMegaphone has a title that is an anagram of the singer's name.
Rock singer Axl Rose's stage name is an anagram of "oral sex."
Aphex Twin's 1995 album ...I Care Because You Do and EP Hangable Auto Bulb are littered with anagrammatical titles.
[edit] Games and puzzlesAnagrams are in themselves a recreational activity, but they also make up part of many other games, puzzles and game shows. The Jumble is a puzzle found in many newspapers in the United States requiring the unscrambling of letters to find the solution. Cryptic crossword puzzles frequently use anagrammatic clues, usually indicating that they are anagrams by the inclusion of a descriptive term like "confused" or "in disarray". An example would be Businessman burst into tears (9 letters). The solution, stationer, is an anagram of into tears, the letters of which have burst out of their original arrangement to form the name of a type of businessman.
Numerous other games and contests involve some element of anagram formation as a basic skill. Some examples:
In a version of Scrabble called Clabbers, the name itself being an anagram of Scrabble, tiles may be placed in any order on the board as long as they anagram to a valid word.
On the British game show Countdown, contestants are given 30 seconds to make the longest word from nine random letters.
In Boggle, players make constrained words from a grid of sixteen random letters, by joining adjacent cubes.
On the British game show BrainTeaser, contestants are shown a word broken into randomly arranged segments and must announce the whole word. At the end of the game there is a "Pyramid" which starts with a three-letter word. A letter appears in the line below to which the player must add the existing letters to find a solution. The pattern continues until the player reaches the final eight-letter anagram. The player wins the game by solving all the anagrams within the allotted time.
In Bananagrams, players place tiles from a pool into crossword-style word arrangements in a race to see who can finish the pool of tiles first.
Ciphers
Multiple anagramming is a technique used to solve some kinds of cryptograms, such as a permutation cipher, a transposition cipher, and the Jefferson disk.
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
6 Letter word: R G D E M E
6 Letter word
MERGED
5 letter words
MERGE
GREED
EDGER
4 letter words
REED
MERE
MEED
GERM
GEED
EDGE
DEER
DEEM
3 letter words
REM
RED
MEG
MED
GEM
GEE
ERG
ERE
okay, what does meed mean>
a deserved reward.
Geed?
To turn to the right. (He geed as requested.)
Rem?
a quantity of ionizing radiation
Meg?
short for megabyte
MERGED
5 letter words
MERGE
GREED
EDGER
4 letter words
REED
MERE
MEED
GERM
GEED
EDGE
DEER
DEEM
3 letter words
REM
RED
MEG
MED
GEM
GEE
ERG
ERE
okay, what does meed mean>
a deserved reward.
Geed?
To turn to the right. (He geed as requested.)
Rem?
a quantity of ionizing radiation
Meg?
short for megabyte
Friday, February 18, 2011
Reading the OED, by Ammon Shea
I stopped by Barnes & Noble today, and picked up a book called Reading the OED: One Man, One Year, 21,730 Pages, by Ammon Shea.
I wouldn't have paid full price for it - $21.95 - but it was "bargain priced" for $4.98 and so I picked it up.
It's kind of fun...a book full of words that no one would ever use in real life, but that are just fun to know.
Here's the description from the book cover:
"If you are interested in vocabulary that is both spectacularly useful and beautifully useles, read on...I have read the OED so that you don't have to."
So begins Ammon Shea's tireless, word-obsessed, and more than slightly masochistic journey.
The word lover's Mount Everest, the Oxford English Dictionary has enthralled logophiles since its initial publication more than eighty years ago. Weighing in at 137 pounds, it is the dictionary to end all dictionaries.
Who would set out to read this massive work in its entirety? Only a man as obsessed, coffee-fueled and verbally inclined as Ammon Shea.
In twenty-six chapters marked by a documentarian's keen eye and filled with sharp wit and sheer delight, Shea shares his year inside the OED, delivering a hair-pulling, eye-crossing account of reading every word, and revealing the most obscure, hilarious, oddly useful, and exquisitely useless gems he discovers along the way.
Filled with lexocographical revelations and miscellaneous marginalia, Reading the OED is a feast forword lovers...and just might be the death of Ammon Shea.
http://www.AmmonShea.com
I wouldn't have paid full price for it - $21.95 - but it was "bargain priced" for $4.98 and so I picked it up.
It's kind of fun...a book full of words that no one would ever use in real life, but that are just fun to know.
Here's the description from the book cover:
"If you are interested in vocabulary that is both spectacularly useful and beautifully useles, read on...I have read the OED so that you don't have to."
So begins Ammon Shea's tireless, word-obsessed, and more than slightly masochistic journey.
The word lover's Mount Everest, the Oxford English Dictionary has enthralled logophiles since its initial publication more than eighty years ago. Weighing in at 137 pounds, it is the dictionary to end all dictionaries.
Who would set out to read this massive work in its entirety? Only a man as obsessed, coffee-fueled and verbally inclined as Ammon Shea.
In twenty-six chapters marked by a documentarian's keen eye and filled with sharp wit and sheer delight, Shea shares his year inside the OED, delivering a hair-pulling, eye-crossing account of reading every word, and revealing the most obscure, hilarious, oddly useful, and exquisitely useless gems he discovers along the way.
Filled with lexocographical revelations and miscellaneous marginalia, Reading the OED is a feast forword lovers...and just might be the death of Ammon Shea.
http://www.AmmonShea.com
Thursday, February 17, 2011
6 letter word: F T U P L O
6 letter word
POTFUL
5 letter words
FLOUT
4 letter words
TOFU
POUT
POEF
PLOT
LOUT
LOFT
FOUL
FLOP
3 letter words
TOP
PUT
POT
POL
OUT
OPT
OFT
LOT
LOP
FOP
FLU
POTFUL
5 letter words
FLOUT
4 letter words
TOFU
POUT
POEF
PLOT
LOUT
LOFT
FOUL
FLOP
3 letter words
TOP
PUT
POT
POL
OUT
OPT
OFT
LOT
LOP
FOP
FLU
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
6 letter word: GA U L N F
6 letter words
FUNGAL
5 letter words
FUGAL
FLUNG
4 letter words
ULNA
LUNG
GULf
FLAN
FLAG
FAUN
FANG
3 letter words
HAG
LUG
LAG
GUN
GNU
GAL
FUN
FUG
FLU
FAN
What the heck is FUGAL? FUG?
fugal: of or pertaining to a fugue, or composed in the style of a fugue.
fug: stale air, especially the humid, warm, ill-smelling air of a crowded room, kitchen, etc.
FUNGAL
5 letter words
FUGAL
FLUNG
4 letter words
ULNA
LUNG
GULf
FLAN
FLAG
FAUN
FANG
3 letter words
HAG
LUG
LAG
GUN
GNU
GAL
FUN
FUG
FLU
FAN
What the heck is FUGAL? FUG?
fugal: of or pertaining to a fugue, or composed in the style of a fugue.
fug: stale air, especially the humid, warm, ill-smelling air of a crowded room, kitchen, etc.
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Anagrams part 2
From Wikipedia:
Influence of LatinAs a literary game when Latin was the common property of the literate, Latin anagrams were prominent: two examples are the change of "Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum" (Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord [is] with you) into "Virgo serena, pia, munda et immaculata" (Serene virgin, pious, clean and spotless), and the anagrammatic answer to Pilate's question, "Quid est veritas?" (What is truth?), namely, "Est vir qui adest" (It is the man who is here). The origins of these are not documented.
Latin continued to influence letter values (such as I = J, U = V and W = VV). There was an ongoing tradition of allowing anagrams to be "perfect" if the letters were all used once, but allowing for these interchanges. This can be seen in a popular Latin anagram against the Jesuits: "Societas Jesu" turned into "Vitiosa seces", or "cut off the wicked things".
Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina (Elizabeth Queen of the English), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria (By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown); he explains carefully that H is "a note of aspiration only and no letter", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS. The rules were not completely fixed in the 17th century. William Camden in his Remains commented, singling out some letters—Æ, K, W, Z—not found in the classical Roman alphabet:
Early modern periodWhen it comes to the 17th century and anagrams in English or other languages, there is a great deal of documented evidence of learned interest. The lawyer Thomas Egerton was praised through the anagram gestat honorem; the physician George Ent took the anagrammatic motto genio surget, which requires his first name as "Georgius". James I's courtiers discovered in "James Stuart" "a just master", and converted "Charles James Stuart" into "Claims Arthur's seat" (even at that point in time, the letters I and J were more-or-less interchangeable). Walter Quin, tutor to the future Charles I, worked hard on multilingual anagrams on the name of father James.
A notorious murder scandal, the Overbury case, threw up two imperfect anagrams that were aided by typically loose spelling and were recorded by Simonds D'Ewes: 'Francis Howard' (for Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset, her maiden name spelled in a variant) became Car findes a whore, with the letters E hardly counted, and the victim Thomas Overbury, as 'Thomas Overburie', was written as O! O! a busie murther, with a V counted as U.
William Drummond of Hawthornden, in an essay On the Character of a Perfect Anagram, tried to lay down permissible rules (such as S standing for Z), and possible letter omissions. William Camden[11] provided a definition of "Anagrammatisme" as "a dissolution of a name truly written into his letters, as his elements, and a new connection of it by artificial transposition, without addition, subtraction or change of any letter, into different words, making some perfect sense applyable (i.e., applicable) to the person named." Dryden in MacFlecknoe disdainfully called the pastime the "torturing of one poor word ten thousand ways".
"Eleanor Audeley", wife of Sir John Davies, is said to have been brought before the High Commission in 1634 for extravagances, stimulated by the discovery that her name could be transposed to "Reveale, O Daniel", and to have been laughed out of court by another anagram submitted by Sir John Lambe, the dean of the Arches, "Dame Eleanor Davies", "Never soe mad a ladie".
An example from France was a flattering anagram for Cardinal Richelieu, comparing him to Hercules or at least one of his hands (Hercules being a kingly symbol), where "Armand de Richelieu" became "Ardue main d'Hercule".
Influence of LatinAs a literary game when Latin was the common property of the literate, Latin anagrams were prominent: two examples are the change of "Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum" (Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord [is] with you) into "Virgo serena, pia, munda et immaculata" (Serene virgin, pious, clean and spotless), and the anagrammatic answer to Pilate's question, "Quid est veritas?" (What is truth?), namely, "Est vir qui adest" (It is the man who is here). The origins of these are not documented.
Latin continued to influence letter values (such as I = J, U = V and W = VV). There was an ongoing tradition of allowing anagrams to be "perfect" if the letters were all used once, but allowing for these interchanges. This can be seen in a popular Latin anagram against the Jesuits: "Societas Jesu" turned into "Vitiosa seces", or "cut off the wicked things".
Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina (Elizabeth Queen of the English), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria (By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown); he explains carefully that H is "a note of aspiration only and no letter", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS. The rules were not completely fixed in the 17th century. William Camden in his Remains commented, singling out some letters—Æ, K, W, Z—not found in the classical Roman alphabet:
The precise in this practice strictly observing all the parts of the definition, are only bold with H either in omitting or retaining it, for that it cannot challenge the right of a letter. But the Licentiats somewhat licentiously, lest they should prejudice poetical liberty, will pardon themselves for doubling or rejecting a letter, if the sence fall aptly, and think it no injury to use E for Æ; V for W; S for Z, and C for K, and contrariwise.
—William Camden, Remains
Early modern periodWhen it comes to the 17th century and anagrams in English or other languages, there is a great deal of documented evidence of learned interest. The lawyer Thomas Egerton was praised through the anagram gestat honorem; the physician George Ent took the anagrammatic motto genio surget, which requires his first name as "Georgius". James I's courtiers discovered in "James Stuart" "a just master", and converted "Charles James Stuart" into "Claims Arthur's seat" (even at that point in time, the letters I and J were more-or-less interchangeable). Walter Quin, tutor to the future Charles I, worked hard on multilingual anagrams on the name of father James.
A notorious murder scandal, the Overbury case, threw up two imperfect anagrams that were aided by typically loose spelling and were recorded by Simonds D'Ewes: 'Francis Howard' (for Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset, her maiden name spelled in a variant) became Car findes a whore, with the letters E hardly counted, and the victim Thomas Overbury, as 'Thomas Overburie', was written as O! O! a busie murther, with a V counted as U.
William Drummond of Hawthornden, in an essay On the Character of a Perfect Anagram, tried to lay down permissible rules (such as S standing for Z), and possible letter omissions. William Camden[11] provided a definition of "Anagrammatisme" as "a dissolution of a name truly written into his letters, as his elements, and a new connection of it by artificial transposition, without addition, subtraction or change of any letter, into different words, making some perfect sense applyable (i.e., applicable) to the person named." Dryden in MacFlecknoe disdainfully called the pastime the "torturing of one poor word ten thousand ways".
"Eleanor Audeley", wife of Sir John Davies, is said to have been brought before the High Commission in 1634 for extravagances, stimulated by the discovery that her name could be transposed to "Reveale, O Daniel", and to have been laughed out of court by another anagram submitted by Sir John Lambe, the dean of the Arches, "Dame Eleanor Davies", "Never soe mad a ladie".
An example from France was a flattering anagram for Cardinal Richelieu, comparing him to Hercules or at least one of his hands (Hercules being a kingly symbol), where "Armand de Richelieu" became "Ardue main d'Hercule".
Monday, February 14, 2011
7 letter word: G L I S O N H
7 letter word
LONGISH
6 letter words
SOLING
LOSING
LOGINS
HOSING
HOLING
5 letter words
SLING
LONGS
LOINS
LOGIN
LIONS
LINGS
4 letter words
SONG
SOLI
SOIL
SLOG
SING
SILO
SIGN
SIGH
SHIN
OILS
NOSH
NIGH
LONG
LOIN
LOGS
LION
LINO
LING
IONS
HONS
HOLS
HOGS
GOSH
GINS
LONGISH
6 letter words
SOLING
LOSING
LOGINS
HOSING
HOLING
5 letter words
SLING
LONGS
LOINS
LOGIN
LIONS
LINGS
4 letter words
SONG
SOLI
SOIL
SLOG
SING
SILO
SIGN
SIGH
SHIN
OILS
NOSH
NIGH
LONG
LOIN
LOGS
LION
LINO
LING
IONS
HONS
HOLS
HOGS
GOSH
GINS
6 letter word: S E R U P P
6 letter words
SUPPER
UPPERS
5 letter words
UPPER
SUPER
PURSE
PREPS
4 letter words
USER
SURE
SPUR
RUSE
RUES
REPS
PURE
PUPS
PREP
PEPS
3 letter words
UPS
USE
SUP
SUE
RUE
REP
PUS
PER
PUP
PEP
SUPPER
UPPERS
5 letter words
UPPER
SUPER
PURSE
PREPS
4 letter words
USER
SURE
SPUR
RUSE
RUES
REPS
PURE
PUPS
PREP
PEPS
3 letter words
UPS
USE
SUP
SUE
RUE
REP
PUS
PER
PUP
PEP
The first word game: Anagrams, pt 1
From Wikipedia:
An anagram is a type of word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce a new word or phrase, using all the original letters exactly once; e.g., orchestra = carthorse, A decimal point = I'm a dot in place. Someone who creates anagrams is called an anagrammatist.
The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. However, the goal of serious or skilled anagrammatists is to produce anagrams that in some way reflect or comment on the subject. Such an anagram may be a synonym or antonym of its subject, a parody, a criticism, or praise;
e.g.
George Bush = He bugs Gore;
Madonna Louise Ciccone = Occasional nude income or One cool dance musician;
William Shakespeare = I am a weakish speller,
Roger Meddows-Taylor = Great words or melody.
The creation of anagrams assumes an alphabet, the symbols of which are to be permuted. In a perfect anagram, every letter must be used, with exactly the same number of occurrences as in the anagrammed word or phrase; any result that falls short is called an imperfect anagram. Diacritics are usually disregarded (this is usually not relevant for English anagrams), and standard orthography (spelling) is to be used.
HistoryAnagrams can be traced back to the time of Moses, as "Themuru" or changing, which was to find the hidden and mystical meaning in names.[2] They were popular throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, for example with the poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut,[3] They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE;[4] but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.
Anagrams in Latin were considered witty over many centuries. "Est vir qui adest", [explained in my next post), was cited as the example in Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language.
Any historical material on anagrams must always be interpreted in terms of the assumptions and spellings that were current for the language in question. In particular spelling in English only slowly became fixed. There were attempts to regulate anagram formation, an important one in English being that of George Puttenham's "Of the Anagram" or "Posy Transposed" in The Art of English Poesie (1589).
An anagram is a type of word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce a new word or phrase, using all the original letters exactly once; e.g., orchestra = carthorse, A decimal point = I'm a dot in place. Someone who creates anagrams is called an anagrammatist.
The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. However, the goal of serious or skilled anagrammatists is to produce anagrams that in some way reflect or comment on the subject. Such an anagram may be a synonym or antonym of its subject, a parody, a criticism, or praise;
e.g.
George Bush = He bugs Gore;
Madonna Louise Ciccone = Occasional nude income or One cool dance musician;
William Shakespeare = I am a weakish speller,
Roger Meddows-Taylor = Great words or melody.
The creation of anagrams assumes an alphabet, the symbols of which are to be permuted. In a perfect anagram, every letter must be used, with exactly the same number of occurrences as in the anagrammed word or phrase; any result that falls short is called an imperfect anagram. Diacritics are usually disregarded (this is usually not relevant for English anagrams), and standard orthography (spelling) is to be used.
HistoryAnagrams can be traced back to the time of Moses, as "Themuru" or changing, which was to find the hidden and mystical meaning in names.[2] They were popular throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, for example with the poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut,[3] They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE;[4] but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.
Anagrams in Latin were considered witty over many centuries. "Est vir qui adest", [explained in my next post), was cited as the example in Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language.
Any historical material on anagrams must always be interpreted in terms of the assumptions and spellings that were current for the language in question. In particular spelling in English only slowly became fixed. There were attempts to regulate anagram formation, an important one in English being that of George Puttenham's "Of the Anagram" or "Posy Transposed" in The Art of English Poesie (1589).
Sunday, February 13, 2011
6 letter word: E S E N T L
6 letter word
NESTLE
5 letter words
TENSE
TEENS
STEEL
SLEET
4 letter words
TENS
TEES
TEEN
SENT
SEEN
NETS
NEST
LETS
LEST
LENT
LENS
LEES
ELSE
EELS
3 letter words
TEN
TEE
SET
SEE
NET
NEE
LET
LEE
ENS
EEL
NESTLE
5 letter words
TENSE
TEENS
STEEL
SLEET
4 letter words
TENS
TEES
TEEN
SENT
SEEN
NETS
NEST
LETS
LEST
LENT
LENS
LEES
ELSE
EELS
3 letter words
TEN
TEE
SET
SEE
NET
NEE
LET
LEE
ENS
EEL
6 letter word: R E L T T I
6 letter word
LITTER
5 letter words
TRITE
TITLE
TILER
RELIT
LITRE
LITER
4 letter words
TIRE
TILT
TILE
TIER
RITE
RILE
LITE
LIRE
3 letter words
TIT
TIE
LIT
LIE
LET
LEI
IRE
LITTER
5 letter words
TRITE
TITLE
TILER
RELIT
LITRE
LITER
4 letter words
TIRE
TILT
TILE
TIER
RITE
RILE
LITE
LIRE
3 letter words
TIT
TIE
LIT
LIE
LET
LEI
IRE
Thursday, February 10, 2011
6 letter word: E G G S R O
6 letter word
GORGES
5 letter word
OGRES
GORSE
GORGE
GORES
GOERS
4 letter word
SORE
ROSE
ROES
ORES
OGRE
GROG
GORE
GOES
GOER
ERGS
ERGO
EGOS
EGGS
3 letter word
ROE
ORE
ERG
EGO
EGG
GORGES
5 letter word
OGRES
GORSE
GORGE
GORES
GOERS
4 letter word
SORE
ROSE
ROES
ORES
OGRE
GROG
GORE
GOES
GOER
ERGS
ERGO
EGOS
EGGS
3 letter word
ROE
ORE
ERG
EGO
EGG
6 letter word: L A O C R S
6 letter word
CORALS
CAROLS
5 letter words
SOLAR
ORALS
CORAL
COLAS
COALS
CAROL
4 letter words
SOAR
SCAR
ORCS
ORAL
OARS
COLS
COLA
COAL
CARS
ARCS
ALSO
3 letter words
SOL
SAC
ORC
OAR
LAC
COS
COR
COL
CAR
ARC
CORALS
CAROLS
5 letter words
SOLAR
ORALS
CORAL
COLAS
COALS
CAROL
4 letter words
SOAR
SCAR
ORCS
ORAL
OARS
COLS
COLA
COAL
CARS
ARCS
ALSO
3 letter words
SOL
SAC
ORC
OAR
LAC
COS
COR
COL
CAR
ARC
6 Letter word: I E S M L Y
6 letter word
SMILEY
5 letter words
SMILE
SLIMY
SLIME
MILES
LIMES
4 letter words
SLIM
SEMI
MILS
MILE
LIMY
LIME
LIES
LEIS
ISLE
ELMS
3 letter words
YES
SLY
SIM
MIL
LYE
LIE
LEI
EMS
ELM
SMILEY
5 letter words
SMILE
SLIMY
SLIME
MILES
LIMES
4 letter words
SLIM
SEMI
MILS
MILE
LIMY
LIME
LIES
LEIS
ISLE
ELMS
3 letter words
YES
SLY
SIM
MIL
LYE
LIE
LEI
EMS
ELM
Tuesday, February 8, 2011
6 letter word: I R L E L M
6 letter word
MILLER
5 letter word
MILER
4 letter word
RIME
RILL
RILE
MIRE
MILL
MILE
LIRE
LIME
EMIR
3 letter word
RIM
REM
MIL
LIE
LEI
LET
IRE
ILL
ELM
ELL
MILLER
5 letter word
MILER
4 letter word
RIME
RILL
RILE
MIRE
MILL
MILE
LIRE
LIME
EMIR
3 letter word
RIM
REM
MIL
LIE
LEI
LET
IRE
ILL
ELM
ELL
7 Letter word: E I P A R I R
7 letter word
PRAIRIE
6 letter words
REPAIR
RAPIER
AIRIER
5 letter words
RIPER
RAPER
PARER
4 letter words
RIPE
REAR
REAP
RARE
RAPE
PIER
PEAR
PARE
PAIR
3 letter words
RIP
REP
RAP
PIE
PER
PEA
PAR
IRE
ERR
ERA
EAR
ARE
APE
AIR
PRAIRIE
6 letter words
REPAIR
RAPIER
AIRIER
5 letter words
RIPER
RAPER
PARER
4 letter words
RIPE
REAR
REAP
RARE
RAPE
PIER
PEAR
PARE
PAIR
3 letter words
RIP
REP
RAP
PIE
PER
PEA
PAR
IRE
ERR
ERA
EAR
ARE
APE
AIR
Thursday, February 3, 2011
Banagrams
I saw this game for the first time last night, at the weekly meeting of my Scrabble club (in which of 3 games played I could do no better than 2nd! Grr.)
Yellow ivory tiles, presimably 100 of them, carried in a yellow banana-shaped bag. The idea is to take 20 tiles, and form words in a crossword type fashion. You're playing against an opponent who also must form words. Once the first person has used up all his 20 letters, he chooses again. ...and I think his opponent must choose 3 letters for taking so long...
Perhaps instead of explaining this from memory I'd better go visit their website.
http://bananagrams-intl.com/checkcountry.asp?page=index.asp
Place all 144 tiles face down on center of table. These tiles are referred to as the "BUNCH". For games of 2-4 people, each player takes 21 letters from the bunch, keeping them face down. For 5-6 players, 15 letters are taken. For 7-8 (or more) players, 11 letters are taken.
2 NOW THE GAME BEGINS!!!
Any one player says "SPLIT" whereupon all players turn their own tiles face up and proceed to form their OWN collection of connecting and intersecting words. The words may be horizontal or vertical, reading left to right or top to bottom. Each player may rearrange his/her own words as often as desired. Players DO NOT take turns, but play independently of each other and at the same time.
3 When a player has none of his/her original letters left, that player says "PEEL" and takes a tile from the bunch. At this point ALL OF THE OTHER PLAYERS MUST ALSO TAKE A TILE FROM THE BUNCH and add it to their collection of letters.
4 At any time, and as often as desired during play, any player may return a difficult-to-use letter back to the center of the BUNCH, face down, but MUST TAKE THREE LETTERS IN RETURN. The player must declare this action to the other players by saying "DUMP". This exchange does not affect the other players.
5 Play continues until there are fewer tiles in the BUNCH than there are players. The first player with no remaining letters shouts "BANANAS" and is the winner of that hand. The other players may now inspect the winning hand for misspelled or incorrect words. Proper nouns are not acceptable. Any available dictionary may be used. If all words are acceptable, that player is the WINNER OF THAT HAND. If any word in the "winning" hand is found to be unacceptable, that player becomes the “Rotten Banana” and is OUT OF THAT HAND, and must return his/her letters, face down to the center bunch and the game now resumes for the remaining players.
SUGGESTIONS FOR PLAYING BANANAGRAMS
“BEST OF…”
A hand can take as little as 5 minutes, so players, if desired, could play for the “best of five” or “the best of ten”.
BANANA SMOOTHIE (For those who want to play a less hectic game)
All tiles are placed face down on the table The letters are divided equally among the players, remaining face down. Players then play the regular BANANAGRAMS game, but there is no "peeling" or "dumping". The first player to use all his/her letters shouts "BANANAS" and is the winner of the hand. If the game ends in a stalemate, the player with the fewest remaining letters is the winner.
BANANA CAFÉ (Play in restaurants while waiting for service)
The BANANAGRAMS pouch is placed on the table. Each player takes 21 tiles from the pouch. Players then proceed to play the regular game with “dumping” but NO “peeling”. The first player to use all his/her letters says “BANANAS!!!” and is the winner.
BANANA SOLITAIRE (One player)
Place all letters down on center of table. Take 21 letters and proceed to play the game. Only peel when needed. Try to beat your own best time in using all 144 letters, or try making as few words to use all 144 letters. This can be a relaxing way of honing your Bananagrams skills.
BANANA CHALLENGE
Play the regular Bananagrams rules but words must be three letters or longer. NO two letter words.
Advanced players could create their own special game by limiting the acceptable words to a specific category such as animals, food & drink, etc
Yellow ivory tiles, presimably 100 of them, carried in a yellow banana-shaped bag. The idea is to take 20 tiles, and form words in a crossword type fashion. You're playing against an opponent who also must form words. Once the first person has used up all his 20 letters, he chooses again. ...and I think his opponent must choose 3 letters for taking so long...
Perhaps instead of explaining this from memory I'd better go visit their website.
http://bananagrams-intl.com/checkcountry.asp?page=index.asp
Place all 144 tiles face down on center of table. These tiles are referred to as the "BUNCH". For games of 2-4 people, each player takes 21 letters from the bunch, keeping them face down. For 5-6 players, 15 letters are taken. For 7-8 (or more) players, 11 letters are taken.
2 NOW THE GAME BEGINS!!!
Any one player says "SPLIT" whereupon all players turn their own tiles face up and proceed to form their OWN collection of connecting and intersecting words. The words may be horizontal or vertical, reading left to right or top to bottom. Each player may rearrange his/her own words as often as desired. Players DO NOT take turns, but play independently of each other and at the same time.
3 When a player has none of his/her original letters left, that player says "PEEL" and takes a tile from the bunch. At this point ALL OF THE OTHER PLAYERS MUST ALSO TAKE A TILE FROM THE BUNCH and add it to their collection of letters.
4 At any time, and as often as desired during play, any player may return a difficult-to-use letter back to the center of the BUNCH, face down, but MUST TAKE THREE LETTERS IN RETURN. The player must declare this action to the other players by saying "DUMP". This exchange does not affect the other players.
5 Play continues until there are fewer tiles in the BUNCH than there are players. The first player with no remaining letters shouts "BANANAS" and is the winner of that hand. The other players may now inspect the winning hand for misspelled or incorrect words. Proper nouns are not acceptable. Any available dictionary may be used. If all words are acceptable, that player is the WINNER OF THAT HAND. If any word in the "winning" hand is found to be unacceptable, that player becomes the “Rotten Banana” and is OUT OF THAT HAND, and must return his/her letters, face down to the center bunch and the game now resumes for the remaining players.
SUGGESTIONS FOR PLAYING BANANAGRAMS
“BEST OF…”
A hand can take as little as 5 minutes, so players, if desired, could play for the “best of five” or “the best of ten”.
BANANA SMOOTHIE (For those who want to play a less hectic game)
All tiles are placed face down on the table The letters are divided equally among the players, remaining face down. Players then play the regular BANANAGRAMS game, but there is no "peeling" or "dumping". The first player to use all his/her letters shouts "BANANAS" and is the winner of the hand. If the game ends in a stalemate, the player with the fewest remaining letters is the winner.
BANANA CAFÉ (Play in restaurants while waiting for service)
The BANANAGRAMS pouch is placed on the table. Each player takes 21 tiles from the pouch. Players then proceed to play the regular game with “dumping” but NO “peeling”. The first player to use all his/her letters says “BANANAS!!!” and is the winner.
BANANA SOLITAIRE (One player)
Place all letters down on center of table. Take 21 letters and proceed to play the game. Only peel when needed. Try to beat your own best time in using all 144 letters, or try making as few words to use all 144 letters. This can be a relaxing way of honing your Bananagrams skills.
BANANA CHALLENGE
Play the regular Bananagrams rules but words must be three letters or longer. NO two letter words.
Advanced players could create their own special game by limiting the acceptable words to a specific category such as animals, food & drink, etc
6 Letter Word: E A L L C R
6 Letter words
CALLER
CELLAR
RECALL
5 letter word
CLEAR
4 letter words
REAL
RACE
LACE
EARL
CELL
CARE
CALL
ACRE
3 letter words
REC
LEA
LAC
ERA
ELL
EAR
CAR
ARE
ARC
ALL
ALE
ACE
CALLER
CELLAR
RECALL
5 letter word
CLEAR
4 letter words
REAL
RACE
LACE
EARL
CELL
CARE
CALL
ACRE
3 letter words
REC
LEA
LAC
ERA
ELL
EAR
CAR
ARE
ARC
ALL
ALE
ACE
Tuesday, February 1, 2011
6 Letter word: L D Y E D A
6 letter word
DEADLY
5 letter words
LADED
DELAY
ADDLE
4 letter words
LEAD
LADY
LADE
EDDY
DYED
DEAL
DEAD
DALE
3 letter words
YEA
LYE
LED
LEA
LAY
LAD
DYE
DAY
DAD
AYE
ALE
ADD
DEADLY
5 letter words
LADED
DELAY
ADDLE
4 letter words
LEAD
LADY
LADE
EDDY
DYED
DEAL
DEAD
DALE
3 letter words
YEA
LYE
LED
LEA
LAY
LAD
DYE
DAY
DAD
AYE
ALE
ADD
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